« C’est cele qui prist / celui qui son seignor ocist. » Beitrag Hatte zwischen ‚Lancelot‘ und ‚Graal‘ auch der ‚Yvain‘ einen Auftraggeber? Gustav Adolf Beckmann Germanisch-Romanische Monatsschrift, Volume 68 (2019), Issue 3, Page 271 - 289 The moral problem which Chrétien de Troyes formulates in this couplet of his ‚Yvain‘, in order to resolve it, with his characteristic elegance, untragically and yet in conformity with the chivalric code of honour – this problem had, in the reality of the twelfth century, an astonishing parallel in the triangle formed by Sibylla of Anjou and her husbands William Clito and Thierry of Alsace, the former of whom was killed in a feud with the latter. On the other hand, Sibylla and Thierry were the parents (happy, as it seems) of Philip of Alsace, the patron of Chrétien’s following and last romance, the ‚Story of the Grail‘. Philip, known as a friend of letters, would certainly not have accepted to patronize the ‚Grail‘ without having informed himself rather thoroughly about the ‚Yvain‘ – which implies that he must have recognized the parallels with his parents and that he fully approved their treatment. But is it really by pure chance that Chrétien could present to him a work which in advance suited Philip’s interests so perfectly? Is it not simpler to consider Philip as the anonymous patron of ‚Yvain‘ right from the outset? To explain his anonymity in those turbulent years, one simply has an embarrassment of choice.
„Village Property“, kulturelle Hybridität und Grenzen literarischer Übersetzung: Toni Morrisons ‚Tar Baby‘ Marion Kraft
