Queer theory attempts to destabilize the categories established in previous histories of sex, in particular the heterosexual norm and the heteronormative thinking. Medieval queer studies, based on the writings of Foucault and Laqueur, tend towards the same direction by affirming the thesis that the gender difference hasn’t played an essential role during the middle ages. This study discusses the theoretical, methodical and content-related weaknesses of this thesis, on the basis of a new monography about the courtly love.